Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is defined as the disruption in brain function, or other evidence of brain pathology, caused by an external physical force. With an estimated 50 million cases worldwide each year, approximately half of the global population will experience an episode of TBI in their lifetime.
What Is Traumatic Brain Injury
Traumatic brain injury (TBI) can be defined as the disruption in brain function, or other evidence of brain pathology, caused by an external physical force. The yearly incidence of TBI is estimated at 50 million cases worldwide; thus, approximately half of the global population will have an episode of TBI in their life.
A Heterogeneous Condition
TBI is a heterogeneous entity, reflecting several underlying macroscopic modes of injury as well as a range of mechanisms by which neuronal injury can be inflicted in differing proportions with resultant varying clinical courses — making personalized assessment and treatment essential for effective care.
Clinical Severity Classification
The clinical severity of TBI has long been stratified according to post-resuscitation Glasgow Coma Scale scores into mild (GCS 14–15), moderate (9–13), and severe (3–8). This classification system guides the clinical approach and helps determine the level of intervention required for each patient.
Impact of Severe TBI
Severe TBI has mortality rates between 30–40% and can cause significant physical, psychosocial, and social deficits in up to 60% of cases. These profound consequences highlight the critical need for advanced regenerative therapies that go beyond conventional treatment to support meaningful neurological recovery.
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Spinal cord injury
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Arthritis & Osteoarthritis
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