Myocardial infarction (MI), commonly known as a heart attack, is primarily caused by the blockage of coronary arteries due to vulnerable plaques with 90% of cases attributed to modifiable risk factors requiring targeted immune modulation and regenerative intervention at a cellular level.
Myocardial Infarction Overview
MI is primarily caused by the partial or complete blockage of coronary arteries due to vulnerable plaques that may rupture or erode, accounting for approximately 70% of fatal cases. The landmark INTERHEART study of over 15,000 patients found that 90% of MIs were attributed to modifiable risk factors including smoking, dyslipidemia, hypertension, abdominal obesity, and diabetes.
Need for Immune-Targeted Therapies
There is an urgent need for therapies that target immune response modulation at a molecular and cellular level following MI. Various immune cells participate in the immunomodulation process after MI, working together to clear necrotic tissue and repair damaged myocardium — a complex process that regenerative medicine aims to support and enhance.
Role of Exosomes in Cardiac Repair
Exosomes a type of extracellular vesicle contain a rich cargo of biologically active substances including lipids, nucleic acids, and proteins. Emerging evidence suggests they play crucial roles in immune regulation following MI, offering a targeted mechanism to modulate the post-infarction immune environment and support myocardial recovery.
Stem Cell & Exosome Therapy
Stem cell therapy for MI has been a significant area of research over the past two decades. Exosomes secreted by stem cells have emerged as potent bioactive agents with therapeutic effects comparable to the stem cells themselves including immunomodulation, anti-apoptosis, anti-fibrotic properties, and the promotion of angiogenesis to restore blood supply to damaged cardiac tissue.
Referencias
Esclerosis lateral amiotrófica
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Sivandzade, F. y Cucullo, L. (2021). Terapia regenerativa con células madre para enfermedades neurodegenerativas: una descripción general. Revista Internacional de Ciencias Moleculares, 22(4), 2153. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms22042153
Autismo
Referencias
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Artritis reumatoide
Referencias
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Lupus eritematoso sistémico
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Esclerosis múltiple
Referencias
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Sivandzade, F. y Cucullo, L. (2021). Terapia regenerativa con células madre para enfermedades neurodegenerativas: Panorama general. Revista Internacional de Ciencias Moleculares, 22(4), 2153. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms22042153
EII Enfermedad inflamatoria intestinal
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vasculitis sistémica
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Angina/Coronary Heart Disease
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Mejora de la funcionalidad y la eficacia terapéutica de la terapia celular con células madre mesenquimales para enfermedades cardiovasculares Yun & Lee
Yun, C. W., y Lee, S. Y. (2019). Mejora de la funcionalidad y la eficacia terapéutica de la terapia basada en células utilizando células madre mesenquimales para la enfermedad cardiovascular. Revista Internacional de Ciencias Moleculares, 20(4), 982. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms20040982
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Ulcerative Colitis
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Afecciones neurológicas
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Parkinson’s
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Multiple system atrophy (MSA)
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Traumatic brain injury
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Chronic traumatic encephalopathy
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Spinal cord injury
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Arthritis & Osteoarthritis
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Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis
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Rheumatoid arthritis
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Systemic Lupus Erythematosus
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Multiple Sclerosis
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IBD Inflammatory bowel disease
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Systemic vasculitis
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Angina/Coronary Heart Disease
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Ulcerative Colitis
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Neurological conditions
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Parkinson’s
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Multiple system atrophy (MSA)
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Chronic traumatic encephalopathy
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Spinal cord injury
References
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Arthritis & Osteoarthritis
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