Sports Injuries

According to the CDC (Center for Disease Control and Prevention), sports-related injuries in children and young adults lead to approximately 2.6 million visits to hospital emergency departments, costing around $500 million annually. These findings were based on data from the National Hospital Ambulatory Medical Care Survey conducted in 1997 and 1998. The results, published in the March 2001 issue of the Annals of Emergency Medicine, highlight that sports-related injury visits to emergency departments were more common among individuals aged five to 24 years, accounting for over two-thirds of the total number of sports injury visits (3.7 million across all age groups). For individuals aged 5-24 years, sports injuries resulted in 33.9 emergency visits per 1,000 persons and constituted nearly one out of every four injury visits to emergency departments in this age group. The visit rate for males was twice as high as that for females.

Tendon-bone insertion injuries, such as rotator cuff and anterior cruciate ligament injuries, are currently prevalent and severe. The primary method of treating these types of injuries is through reconstruction surgery. The success of the reconstruction process relies on the graft’s ability to integrate into the bone. There has been significant discussion about enhancing tendon-bone integration through biological methods. Stem cells, such as bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs), tendon stem/progenitor cells, synovium-derived MSCs, adipose-derived stem cells, or periosteum-derived periosteal stem cells, possess the ability to self-regenerate and potentially differentiate into various cell types. These stem cells have been widely used in tissue repair and regeneration.

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Citations and Scientific References

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References

Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis

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Autism

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Autoinmune Diseases

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Rheumatoid arthritis

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Systemic Lupus Erythematosus

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Multiple Sclerosis

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Jafarzadeh Bejargafshe, M., Hedayati, M., Zahabiasli, S., Tahmasbpour,E.,Rahmanzadeh,S., & Nejad-Moghaddam, A. (2019). Safety and efficacy of stem cell therapy for treatment of neural damage in patients with multiple sclerosis. Stem Cell Investigation, 6, 44. https://doi.org/10.21037/sci.2019.10.06 

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Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis

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Sivandzade, F., & Cucullo, L. (2021). Regenerative stem cell therapy for Neurodegenerative Diseases: An Overview. International Journal of Molecular Sciences, 22(4), 2153. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms22042153 

IBD Inflammatory bowel disease

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Ko, J. Z., Johnson, S., & Dave, M. (2021c). Efficacy and Safety of Mesenchymal Stem/Stromal cell therapy for inflammatory bowel Diseases: An Up-to-Date Systematic Review. Biomolecules, 11(1), 82. https://doi.org/10.3390/biom11010082 

Systemic vasculitis

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Fibromyalgia

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Psoriasis

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Anti-Aging

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Cardiovascular Conditions

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Angina/Coronary Heart Disease

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Peripheral Artery Disease

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Stem/Progenitor Cells and Their Therapeutic Application in Cardiovascular Disease

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Acute Myocardial Infarction

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Fertility

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Saeed Y, Liu X. Mesenchymal stem cells to treat female infertility; future perspective and challenges: A review. Int J Reprod Biomed. 2022 Oct 10;20(9):709-722. doi: 10.18502/ijrm.v20i9.12061. PMID: 36340664; PMCID: PMC9619121.

Gastrointestinal Disorders 

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Crohn´s Disease 

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Cushing, K., & Higgins, P. D. R. (2021). Management of Crohn disease: A review: A review. JAMA: The Journal of the American Medical Association, 325(1), 69-80. https://doi.org/10.1001/jama.2020.18936

Wang, R., Yao, Q., Chen, W., Gao, F., Li, P., Wu, J., Yu, J., & Cao, H. (2021). Stem cell therapy for Crohn’s disease: systematic review and meta-analysis of preclinical and clinical studies. Stem Cell Research & Therapy, 12(1). https://doi.org/10.1186/s13287-021-02533-0

Ulcerative Colitis

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Hosseini-Asl, S.-K., Mehrabani, D., & Karimi-Busheri, F. (2020). Therapeutic effect of mesenchymal stem cells in ulcerative colitis: A review on achievements and challenges. Journal of Clinical Medicine, 9(12), 3922. https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm9123922

Neurological conditions

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Alzheimer’s

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Liu, X.-Y., Yang, L.-P., & Zhao, L. (2020). Stem cell therapy for Alzheimer’s disease. World Journal of Stem Cells, 12(8), 787-802. https://www.cdc.gov/aging/aginginfo/alzheimers.htm

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Stroke

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Barthels, D., & Das, H. (2020). Current advances in ischemic stroke research and therapies. Biochimica et Biophysica Acta. Molecular Basis of Disease, 1866(4), 165260. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bbadis.2018.09.012

Campbell, B. C. V., De Silva, D. A., Macleod, M. R., Coutts, S. B., Schwamm, L. H., Davis, S. M., & Donnan, G. A. (2019). Ischaemic stroke. Nature Reviews. Disease Primers, 5(1), 70. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41572-019-0118-8

Kawabori, M., Shichinohe, H., Kuroda, S., & Houkin, K. (2020). Clinical trials of stem cell therapy for cerebral ischemic stroke. International Journal of Molecular Sciences, 21(19), 7380. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms21197380

Parkinson’s

References

Pradhan, A. U., Uwishema, O., Onyeaka, H., Adanur, I., & Dost, B. (2022). A review of stem cell therapy: An emerging treatment for dementia in Alzheimer’s and Parkinson’s disease. Brain and Behavior, 12(9). https://doi.org/10.1002/brb3.2740

Multiple system atrophy (MSA)

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Singer W, Dietz AB, Zeller AD, Gehrking TL, Schmelzer JD, Schmeichel AM, Gehrking JA, Suarez MD, Sletten DM, Minota Pacheco KV, Coon EA, Sandroni P, Benarroch EE, Fealey RD, Matsumoto JY, Bower JH, Hassan A, McKeon A, Windebank AJ, Mandrekar JN, Low PA. Intrathecal administration of autologous mesenchymal stem cells in multiple system atrophy. Neurology. 2019 Jul 2;93(1):e77-e87. doi: 10.1212/WNL.0000000000007720. Epub 2019 May 31. PMID: 31152011; PMCID: PMC6659003.

Traumatic brain injury

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Chronic traumatic encephalopathy

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Pierre K, Molina V, Shukla S, Avila A, Fong N, Nguyen J, Lucke-Wold B. Chronic traumatic encephalopathy: Diagnostic updates and advances. AIMS Neurosci. 2022 Dec 19;9(4):519-535. doi: 10.3934/Neuroscience.2022030. PMID: 36660076; PMCID: PMC9826753.

Spinal cord injury

References

Alizadeh, A., Dyck, S. M., & Karimi-Abdolrezaee, S. (2019). Traumatic spinal cord injury: An overview of pathophysiology, models and acute injury mechanisms. Frontiers in neurology, 10. https://doi.org/10.3389/fneur.2019.00282

Cofano, F., Boido, M., Monticelli, M., Zenga, F., Ducati, A., Vercelli, A., & Garbossa, D. (2019). Mesenchymal stem cells for spinal cord injury: Current options, limitations, and future of cell therapy. International Journal of Molecular Sciences, 20(11), 2698. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms20112698

Cerebral Palsy

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Orthopedic and Sports Injuries

References

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Arthritis & Osteoarthritis

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Jang, S., Lee, K., & Ju, J. H. (2021). Recent updates of diagnosis, pathophysiology, and treatment on osteoarthritis of the knee. International Journal of Molecular Sciences, 22(5). https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms22052619

Joint pain

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Joint pain and arthritis. (2022, abril 22). Cdc.gov. https://www.cdc.gov/arthritis/pain/

Sports injuries

References

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Xu, Y., Zhang, W.-X., Wang, L.-N., Ming, Y.-Q., Li, Y.-L., & Ni, G.-X. (2021). Stem cell therapies in tendon-bone healing. World Journal of Stem Cells, 13(7), 753-775. https://doi.org/10.4252/wjsc.v13.i7.753